Stop Smudging! How to Preserve Charcoal Drawings

Charcoal drawing offers a captivating depth and richness unmatched by other mediums. However, its delicate nature makes preservation a crucial concern for artists. A smudged masterpiece is a disheartened artist, so learning how to protect your charcoal creations is paramount. This guide will delve into various techniques to prevent smudging and ensure your charcoal drawings remain vibrant for years to come.

What Causes Charcoal Smudging?

Before we dive into preservation techniques, understanding the root cause of smudging is vital. Charcoal is, by its very nature, a loose, powdery medium. This inherent characteristic makes it susceptible to smudging from several factors:

• Direct Contact: The simplest cause is accidental physical contact. A stray hand, clothing, or even a gentle breeze can disturb the delicate charcoal particles.
• Humidity: Changes in humidity can cause the charcoal to become more susceptible to smudging. High humidity can loosen the charcoal particles, making them easier to dislodge.
• Handling: Even gentle handling can lead to smudging, especially in areas with a high concentration of charcoal.
• Improper Storage: Incorrect storage conditions, such as exposure to direct sunlight or fluctuating temperatures, can degrade the charcoal and make it more prone to smudging.
• Type of Paper: The paper itself plays a role. Heavier-weight, textured papers provide better grip for the charcoal, reducing smudging compared to smoother, lighter papers.

How to Prevent Smudging During the Drawing Process

Preventing smudging begins from the moment you start your drawing. Here's how:

• Use Fixative Sparingly (Initially): While fixative is a crucial element in preserving charcoal drawings (more on this later), applying it too early can dull the vibrancy of your work. Focus on gentle handling and careful placement of your hands during the initial stages.
• Rest Your Hand: Instead of resting your hand directly on the drawing, use a piece of clean paper or a mahl stick to support your hand and prevent smudging.
• Use a Soft Touch: Apply gentle pressure when drawing. Avoid aggressive strokes, especially in delicate areas.
• Work in Layers: Build up your drawing gradually in layers instead of applying heavy charcoal strokes in one go. This allows for better control and reduces the risk of smudging.

How to Fix a Smudged Charcoal Drawing?

Even with careful planning, accidents happen. If you do experience smudging, there are some methods to attempt repair:

• Soft Eraser: Gently use a kneaded eraser or a soft vinyl eraser to lift some of the smudged charcoal. Work slowly and carefully to avoid further damaging the drawing.
• Cotton Swabs: For very delicate areas, cotton swabs can help lift smudged charcoal. Use a light touch and clean swabs regularly.
• Breadcrumbs: Believe it or not, using a soft, slightly stale piece of bread can gently lift smudged areas. The crumbly texture helps absorb the charcoal.

Protecting Your Finished Charcoal Drawing: The Importance of Fixative

Fixative is the cornerstone of charcoal drawing preservation. It's a spray that binds the charcoal particles to the paper, significantly reducing the risk of smudging.

Types of Fixative:

• Hairspray (Not Recommended): Avoid using regular hairspray. It can discolor the drawing and may not provide adequate protection.
• Workable Fixative: This allows you to continue working on the drawing after application, though in lighter layers.
• Final Fixative: This provides the most robust protection and is applied after the drawing is complete.

Applying Fixative:

• Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Fixative contains solvents that can be harmful if inhaled. Always work in a well-ventilated space.
• Apply in Thin Coats: Apply multiple thin coats, allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next. Avoid heavy applications, which can dull the colors or create a glossy finish.
• Hold the Can at the Recommended Distance: Follow the manufacturer's instructions for distance and spray duration.

Proper Storage and Handling of Charcoal Drawings

Even with fixative, proper storage and handling are essential for long-term preservation:

• Acid-Free Storage: Store your drawings in acid-free folders or portfolios to prevent discoloration and deterioration.
• Avoid Direct Sunlight: Direct sunlight can fade the charcoal and damage the paper. Store your drawings in a cool, dark, and dry place.
• Use Archival-Quality Materials: When framing your drawings, use archival-quality materials that won't damage the artwork over time.
• Handle with Gloves: Whenever you handle your drawings, wear clean cotton gloves to prevent transferring oils and dirt from your hands.

How Long Does a Charcoal Drawing Last?

With proper care and the use of fixative, a charcoal drawing can last for many decades. However, environmental factors such as extreme temperatures and humidity can affect its longevity. The quality of the paper and the charcoal itself also plays a role.

What is the Best Way to Frame a Charcoal Drawing?

Framing charcoal drawings requires careful consideration. Use archival-quality materials, such as acid-free mats and backing boards. Avoid using glass, which can trap moisture and potentially damage the drawing. Consider using UV-protective acrylic instead.

What Can I Use Instead of Fixative?

While fixative is the most effective method, some artists use other methods as a temporary solution before applying fixative. These include gently applying a layer of workable fixative before finishing and using archival-quality spray sealant.

By following these techniques, you can significantly reduce the risk of smudging and ensure your charcoal drawings remain a cherished part of your artistic legacy. Remember, careful handling and proper preservation are keys to enjoying your artwork for years to come.